Stage of complication, causing superficial thrombophlebitis (complication of superficial thrombophlebitis is the proximal, long distance and pulmonary embolism), severe bleeding due to varicose veins, infection Ulcers of chronic venous insufficiency.
The rate of varicose veins is high
Varicose veins of the lower extremities account for a significant proportion of the population, of which 70% are female. Women often have a higher incidence than men due to the influence of female hormones, pregnancy on the vein wall, due to long standing in a number of special occupations such as sales, weavers, sewing, aquatic processing , seafood, teachers ... due to low muscle mass compared to men or inappropriate shoes.
In Vietnam, according to a study, the percentage of seafood processing workers with varicose veins accounts for over 70%. Scientists predict the disease will increase due to economic development and lifestyle changes.
Varicose veins manifest quietly and can cause complications if not detected early.
Manifestations of varicose veins
At an early stage:
The initial symptoms of the disease are often faint and transient, the patient often presents with foot pain, heavy legs, sometimes the patient feels only wearing shoes that are narrower than normal; Fatigue, light edema when standing for a long time sitting; Cramps in the evening, feeling needle-prick, paresthesia like ants crawling around the lower leg at night. Many tiny blood vessels (the first stage only see tiny veins, especially in the ankles and feet). These symptoms are usually not clear or disappear when resting, veins in the limb are not much stretched, sometimes stretched, sometimes should not be noticed and easily overlooked.
Progressive stage:
The disease will cause swelling of the legs, possibly edema in the ankles or feet. The appearance of the lower leg appears to change the color of the skin due to long-term venous blood stasis. The swollen veins cause severe sensation, leg pain, and blood leaking out of the veins causing leg swelling. This phenomenon does not go away when you rest, worse, you can see swollen veins bulging clearly on the skin on a regular basis, patches of blood bruises on the skin ...
Complications stage:
Causes superficial thrombophlebitis (the complication of superficial thrombophlebitis is deep veins of the veins, distal and pulmonary embolism), heavy bleeding due to varicose veins, ulcerative infection of static impairments chronic circuit.
Treatment of varicose veins
Medicine
Prevention:
This method aims to stop the reflux and make the forces acting on the veins of the veins better. These include keeping your legs high while lying down, exercising harder, avoiding standing or sitting for long, wearing rubber stockings or wrapping your feet with elastic bands, correcting foot position for deformities, avoiding obesity, practicing deep breathing. , eat a diet high in fiber to avoid constipation ...
Medical treatment with drugs that strengthen the vein wall, but mostly only in the early stages of varicose veins. Some specialized physicians also apply the local method of injecting fibrosis with drugs that cause vascular fibrosis.
Minimally invasive intervention
Currently, people still apply the method of cooling with liquid nitrogen of minus 90 ° C to obstruct the veins through a catheter in the veins, but this method has a relatively high recurrence rate up to 30% of cases.
Radiofrequency Ablation: RFA (Radiofrequency Ablation) is a method of thermal tissue destruction caused by the friction of ions in the tissue under the impact of alternating current with frequencies in the sound wave range ( 200 - 1,200 MHz). RFA aims to eliminate venous reflux blood in the large vein, usually performed for patients with leg varicose veins of level 2 or higher on CEAP. Patients with venous insufficiency who have undergone intensive medical treatment with the drug and are under pressure for more than 1 month but have not relieved symptoms or have not improved clinical severity, ultrasound with reflux in the vein system, also Can be treated with RFA.
Prevention of varicose veins
Improve working conditions, enhance occupational safety and health for workers to stand a long position when working at companies such as arranging breaks between working shifts reasonably for employees to self locomotion, leg massage, body relaxation; Wear labor protection equipment regularly; The recruitment health examination should exclude people with heart and blood vessel diseases such as varicose veins and periodic health examinations to detect occupational diseases early.
Enhancing the propagation and dissemination of knowledge about prevention of occupational diseases to workers.
Proposing criteria for diagnosis and assessment of varicose veins of the lower extremities to add to the list of workers' covered occupational diseases.
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